পাইথনে ব্যবহৃত কিছু শব্দ বা কোড (৫ম অংশ) 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥 ৪র্থ অংশে asyncio, concurrent, ctypes, dbm ইত্যাদি সামান্য কয়েকটি মডিউলের আংশিক ব্যবহার নিয়ে আলোচনা করা হয়েছে। এগুলো সহ বেশ কিছু অতি প্রয়োজনীয় বিল্ট-ইন মডিউলের বিভিন্ন ধরনের ব্যবহার রয়েছে। যেমন — ast.dump ast.literal_eval ast.parse ast.walk ast.Add ast.Call ast.ClassDef ast.FunctionDef ast.Name ast.NodeTransformer ast.NodeVisitor ast.Mult *** asynchat.async_chat *** asyncio.__main__ asyncio.as_completed asyncio.base_events asyncio.base_futures asyncio.base_subprocess asyncio.base_tasks asyncio.constants asyncio.coroutines asyncio.create_task asyncio.events asyncio.exceptions asyncio.format_helpers asyncio.futures asyncio.gather asyncio.locks asyncio.log asyncio.mixins asyncio.proactor_events asyncio.protocols asyncio.queues asyncio.run asyncio.runners asyncio.selector_events asyncio.sleep(1) asyncio.sslproto asyncio.staggered asyncio.streams asyncio.subprocess asyncio.taskgroups asyncio.tasks asyncio.threads asyncio.timeouts asyncio.transports asyncio.trsock asyncio.unix_events asyncio.wait_for asyncio.windows_events asyncio.windows_utils asyncio.Queue asyncio.TimeoutError *** asyncore.dispatcher asyncore.dispatcher_with_send asyncore.loop *** atexit.register(task) atexit.unregister(task) *** import audioop as ao ao.abs ao.avg ao.cross ao.lin2lin ao.max ao.min ao.mul ao.reverse ao.rms ao.ratecv ao.tomono ao.tostereo *** base64.b64decode base64.b64encode base64.urlsafe_b64decode base64.urlsafe_b64encode *** bdb.Bdb *** import binascii as bc bc.a2b_base64(encoded) bc.b2a_base64(data) bc.a2b_hex(bc.b2a_hex(data)) bc.b2a_hex(data) bc.a2b_hqx(encoded) bc.b2a_hqx(data) bc.a2b_qp(encoded) bc.b2a_qp(data) bc.a2b_uu(encoded) bc.b2a_uu(data) bc.crc32(data) bc.crc_hqx(data, 0) bc.hexlify(data) bc.hexlify(data).decode() bc.rlecode_hqx(data) bc.rledecode_hqx(compressed) bc.unhexlify(hex_str) bc.unhexlify(hex_str).decode() bc.Error bc.Incomplete *** bisect.bisect(a, x) bisect.bisect_left(a, x) bisect.bisect_right(a, x) bisect.insort(a, x) bisect.insort_left(a, x) bisect.insort_right(a, x) *** *dir(builtins) builtins.greet builtins.int builtins.Exception builtins.len([1, 2, 3]) builtins.open builtins.print(*args, **kwargs) builtins.str builtins.sum([10, 20, 30]) *** bz2.compress(data) bz2.decompress( bz2.compress(data)) bz2.open("exam.bz2", "rb") bz2.open("exam.bz2", "rb").read() bz2.open("exam.bz2", "wb") bz2.open("exam.bz2", "wb").write() bz2.BZ2Compressor() .compress(b" ") bz2.BZ2Compressor().flush() bz2.BZ2Decompressor() .decompress(compressed) *** calendar.calendar(2025) calendar.calendar( 2025, calendar.MONDAY) *calendar.day_name calendar.day_name[datetime .date.today().weekday()] calendar.isleap(2028) calendar.leapdays(2000, 2025) calendar.month(2025, 1) calendar.monthcalendar(2025, 10) *calendar.month_name calendar.HTMLCalendar( firstweekday = 6) .formatmonth(2025, 10)) calendar.TextCalendar( firstweekday = 0) .formatmonth(2025, 10) *** cmath.cos(1-3j)) cmath.exp(1 + 1j) cmath.log(1 + 1j) cmath.log10(1 + 1j) cmath.phase(1 + 1j) cmath.sqrt(16) *** code.compile_command( src, '<string>', 'exec') code.interact(local = local_vars) code.InteractiveConsole() code.InteractiveConsole().push() code.InteractiveInterpreter() code.InteractiveInterpreter() .runsource() *** d = codecs.getencoder("hex")(b" ") codecs.charmap_decode codecs.charmap_encode codecs.decode(this.s, "rot_13") codecs.encode codecs.lookup codecs.getdecoder("hex")(d) codecs.getencoder("hex")(b" ") codecs.getreader codecs.getwriter codecs.open codecs.register codecs.StreamReader *** compileall.compile_dir( ".", force = True) compileall.compile_file( "example.py", force = True) compileall.PycInvalidationMode .CHECKED_HASH *** collections.abc collections.abc.ItemsView ._from_iterable collections.ChainMap(dict1, dict2) collections.Counter(name) collections.Counter() .most_common(5) collections.Counter()[msg[ "from"]] += 1 collections.deque([point]) collections.deque([point]) .rotate(selected_point) collections.defaultdict(list) collections.defaultdict( lambda : defaultdict(int)) collections.namedtuple( ["point", ["x", "y"]) collections.OrderedDict() collections.UserDict collections.UserList collections.UserString *** colorsys.hls_to_rgb(h, l, s) colorsys.hsv_to_rgb(h, s, v) colorsys.rgb_to_hls(r, g, b) colorsys.rgb_to_hsv(r, g, b) colorsys.rgb_to_yiq(r, g, b) colorsys.yiq_to_rgb(y, i, q) *** import concurrent.futures as cf cf cf._base cf.process cf.thread cf.ProcessPoolExecutor cf.ThreadPoolExecutor *** r1 = Robot("AI Bot", ["Vision", "Speech"]) r2 = copy.deepcopy(r1) copy.copy() copy.deepcopy() r2.skills.append("Learning") *** import contextlib as cl cl.AbstractAsyncContextManager cl.AbstractContextManager cl.aclosing(AsyncIterator()) cl.AsyncExitStack cl.closing(urlopen( "https://www.python.org")) cl.contextmanager cl.ExitStack cl.ExitStack().callback( cleanup, 'resource') cl.nullcontext() cl.redirect_stderr() cl.redirect_stdout() cl.suppress(FileNotFoundError) *** user = contextvars.ContextVar( "user", default = "Guest") contextvars.ContextVar() contextvars.copy_context() user.get() user.reset(token) user.set("Alice") *** copyreg.pickle(type, pickle_function, constructor) *** csv.DictReader(file) csv.DictWriter csv.QUOTE_ALL csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL csv.QUOTE_NONE csv.QUOTE_NONNUMERIC csv.Sniffer().sniff(sample) csv.reader csv.register_dialect csv.writer csv.writer(f) csv.writer(f).writerow csv.writer(f).writerow([ ]) csv.writer(f).writerow([ "From", "Subject", "Date"]) csv.writer(f).writerow(row) *** from dataclasses import asdict, astuple, dataclass, field, replace b = Book("Py 101", "John", 29.99) c = Car("Tesla", "Model S", 2023) asdict(b) astuple(b) field(default_factory = list) dataclass replace(c, year = 2025) *** from datetime import date as d from datetime import datetime as dt from datetime import timedelta as td from datetime import timezone as dtz from pytz import timezone as ptz from pytz import utc as utc strf = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" strp = "2025-10-01 15:40:00" d d(2025, 10, 3) (d(2025, 10, 3) - d(2025, 9, 1)).days d.today() d.today() + td( weeks = 1, days = 2, hours = 3, minutes = 35, seconds = 23) (d.today() + td(weeks = 1, days = 2, hours = 3, minutes = 35, seconds = 23)).isoformat() d.today().day d.today().isoformat() d.today().month d.today().strftime(strf) d.today().strftime(strp) d.today().strftime("%a %d %b %g") d.today().strftime("%a %d %h %y") d.today().strftime("%A %d %B %G")) d.today().strftime("%A %d %H %Y")) d.today().strftime("%c") d.today().strftime("%C") d.today().strftime("%F") d.today().strftime("%h") d.today().strftime("%r") d.today().strftime("%v") d.today().weekday() d.today().year dt.now() dt.now() + td( weeks = 1, days = 2, hours = 3, minutes = 35, seconds = 23) (dt.now() + td(weeks = 1, days = 2, hours = 3, minutes = 35, seconds = 23)) .isoformat() dt dt.now().day dt.now().hour dt.now().isoformat() dt.now().minute dt.now().month dt.now().second (dt.now() - dt.now()).seconds dt.now().strftime(strf) dt.now().strftime(strp) dt.now().strftime("%a %d %b %g") dt.now().strftime("%A %d %B %G") dt.now().strftime("%c") dt.now().strftime("%C") dt.now().strftime("%h") dt.now().strftime("%j") dt.now().strftime("%u") dt.now().strftime("%U") dt.now().strftime("%v") dt.now().strptime(strp, strf) dt.now().year dt.now(utc) dt.now(utc) .astimezone(ptz("Asia/Delhi")) dt.now(utc) .astimezone(ptz("Asia/Delhi")) .strftime(strf) dt.now(utc).strftime(strf) dt.now(dtz.utc) dt.strptime("2025-12-16", "%Y-%m-%d").strftime("%A") dt.today() dt.today().day dt.today().hour dt.today().minute dt.today().month dt.today().second dt.today().strftime(strf) dt.today().strftime(strp) dt.today().strftime("%a %d %b %g") dt.today().strftime("%A %d %B %Y") dt.today().strftime("%c") dt.today().strftime("%C") dt.today().strftime("%F") dt.today().strftime("%h") dt.today().strftime("%j") dt.today().strftime("%u") dt.today().strftime("%U") dt.today().strftime("%v") dt.today().strftime("%V") dt.today().strptime(strp, strf) dt.today().weekday() dt.today().year dt.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp) td(seconds = 3600) *** decimal.Decimal("1.02") decimal.getcontext().prec *** a = "hello world" b = "hello python" words = ["apple", "apply", "apples", "banana"] " ".join(difflib.context_diff(a, b)) difflib.get_close_matches( "appel", words) difflib.HtmlDiff().make_file(a, b) *difflib.ndiff(a.split(), b.split()) difflib.SequenceMatcher( None, a, b).ratio() " ".join(difflib.unified_diff(a, b)) *** dis.Bytecode(square) dis.code_info(obj) dis.dis(add) dis.dis(compile("a * b + c", "<string>", "exec")) dis.disassemble(code) dis.get_instructions(lambda x: x + 5) dis.show_code(add) *** doctest.DocTestSuite(mymodule) doctest.ELLIPSIS doctest.NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE doctest.testfile("example.txt") doctest.testmod(verbose = True) *** email._header_value_parser email._parseaddr email._policybase email.base64mime email.charset email.contentmanager email.encoders email.errors email.feedparser email.generator email.header email.headerregistry email.iterators email.message email.message_from_bytes email.message_from_string email.mime email.mime.application email.mime.audio email.mime.base email.mime.image email.mime.message email.mime.multipart email.mime.nonmultipart email.mime.text email.parser email.policy email.quoprimime email.utils *** *encodings.aliases.aliases encodings.aliases.aliases["646"] encodings.aliases.aliases.get("646") *encodings.aliases.aliases.items() *encodings.aliases.aliases.keys() *encodings.aliases.aliases.values() encodings.ascii .getregentry().decode(text) encodings.ascii .getregentry().encode(text) encodings.ascii .StreamReader(b" ").read encodings.ascii .StreamWriter(None).write *** enum.auto enum.Enum enum.Flag enum.IntEnum *** ensurepip.bootstrap() ensurepip.version() *** import faulthandler as fh fh.cancel_dump_traceback_later() fh.disable() fh.dump_traceback() fh.dump_traceback_later( 3, repeat = True) fh.enable() fh.register(signal.SIGUSR1) *** filecmp.cmp filecmp.cmpfiles filecmp.dircmp *** fileinput.close() fileinput.filelineno() fileinput.filename() fileinput.isfirstline() fileinput.input() fileinput.lineno() *** from fractions import Fraction as f f f.denominator f.limit_denominator f.numerator *** fnmatch.filter fnmatch.fnmatch fnmatch.fnmatchcase fnmatch.translate("sensor_*") *** ftp = ftplib.FTP(host, timeout = 5) ftp.cwd('/public_html') ftp.delete('old.txt') ftp.login() ftp.mkd('new_folder') ftp.pwd() ftp.quit() ftp.rename('oldname.txt', 'newname.txt') ftp.retrbinary('RETR access.log', open('access.log','wb').write) ftp.retrlines('RETR file.txt') ftp.rmd('old_folder') ftp.sendcmd("STAT") ftp.set_pasv(True) ftp.size("file.txt") ftp.storbinary(f"STOR {file}", f) ftplib.error_perm ftplib.FTP_TLS (ftp = File Transfer Protocol) *** functools.cache functools.cmp_to_key functools.lru_cache functools.partial functools.partialmethod functools.reduce functools.singledispatch functools.singledispatchmethod functools.total_ordering functools.update_wrapper functools.wraps *** gc.callbacks gc.collect() gc.disable() gc.enable() gc.garbage gc.get_count() gc.get_objects() gc.get_referents() gc.get_referrers() gc.get_stats() gc.get_threshold() gc.isenabled() gc.set_debug gc.set_debug(gc.DEBUG_LEAK) gc.set_debug(gc.DEBUG_SAVEALL) gc.set_threshold gc.DEBUG_LEAK gc.DEBUG_SAVEALL gc.DEBUG_STATS *** getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "ho:") getopt.GetoptError getopt.gnu_getopt *** hashlib.md5(traceback.format_exc() .encode()).hexdigest() *** http.server.HTTPServer http.server .BaseHTTPRequestHandler *** importlib.import_module('math') importlib.import_module ('math').sqrt(4) importlib.import_module ('os.path').abspath('.') *** idlelib.__file__ idlelib.__main__ idlelib.autocomplete idlelib.autocomplete.AutoComplete idlelib.autocomplete_w idlelib.autoexpand idlelib.autoexpand.AutoExpand idlelib.browser idlelib.calltip idlelib.calltip.CallTip idlelib.calltip_w idlelib.codecontext idlelib.colorizer idlelib.colorizer.ColorDelegator idlelib.config idlelib.config_key idlelib.configdialog idlelib.debugger idlelib.debugger.Debugger idlelib.debugger_r idlelib.debugobj idlelib.debugobj_r idlelib.delegator idlelib.dynoption idlelib.editor idlelib.editor.EditorWindow idlelib.filelist idlelib.format idlelib.grep idlelib.help idlelib.help_about idlelib.history idlelib.hyperparser idlelib.idle idlelib.iomenu idlelib.macosx idlelib.mainmenu idlelib.multicall idlelib.outwin idlelib.parenmatch idlelib.pathbrowser idlelib.percolator idlelib.pyparse idlelib.pyshell idlelib.pyshell.PyShell idlelib.query idlelib.redirector idlelib.replace idlelib.rpc idlelib.rpc.RPCClient idlelib.run idlelib.runscript idlelib.scrolledlist idlelib.search idlelib.searchbase idlelib.searchengine idlelib.sidebar idlelib.squeezer idlelib.stackviewer idlelib.statusbar idlelib.statusbar.MultiStatusBar idlelib.textview idlelib.tooltip idlelib.tree idlelib.undo idlelib.util idlelib.window idlelib.zoomheight idlelib.zzdummy *** module = importlib.util .module_from_spec(s2) path = '/path/to/myscript.py' s1 = importlib.util.find_spec('json') s2 = importlib.util.spec_from_ file_location("myscript", path) importlib._abc importlib._bootstrap importlib._bootstrap_external importlib.abc importlib.import_module( "json.decoder").JSONDecoder importlib.import_module("math").pi importlib.import_module.sqrt(4) importlib.machinery importlib.metadata importlib.metadata._adapters importlib.metadata._collections importlib.metadata._functools importlib.metadata._itertools importlib.metadata._meta importlib.metadata._text importlib.metadata.diagnose importlib.readers importlib.reload importlib.resources importlib.resources._adapters importlib.resources._common importlib.resources._functional importlib.resources._itertools importlib.resources.abc importlib.resources.readers importlib.resources.simple importlib.simple importlib.util importlib.util.exec_module(module) importlib.util.find_spec('json') importlib.util.module_from_spec(s) importlib.util.reload(module) importlib.util.spec_from_file _location(name, path) module.my_function() s1.name s1.origin s2.loader.exec_module(module) *** inspect.cleandoc inspect.currentframe inspect.get_annotations inspect.getclosurevars inspect.getcoroutinestate inspect.getdoc inspect.getfile inspect.getfullargspec inspect.getmembers inspect.getouterframes inspect.getsource inspect.isclass inspect.iscoroutine inspect.isfunction inspect.isgenerator inspect.ismodule inspect.signature inspect.signature().parameters inspect.stack inspect.unwrap *** io.BufferedIOBase io.BytesIO().read() io.BytesIO().seek(0) io.BytesIO().write() io.IOBase io.RawIOBase io.TextIOBase *** itertools.accumulate(data) itertools.accumulate(data, operator.mul) itertools.chain(a, b) itertools.combinations("ABC", 2) itertools.compress(data, selectors) itertools.count(start = 10, step = 2) itertools.cycle(colors) itertools.dropwhile(lambda x: x < 5, nums) itertools.filterfalse(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, nums) itertools.groupby(data, lambda x: x[0]) itertools.islice(nums, 2, 8, 2) itertools.permutations("ABC", 2) itertools.product("AB", repeat = 2) itertools.repeat("Hello", 3) itertools.starmap(pow, pairs) itertools.takewhile(lambda x: x < 5, nums) itertools.tee(nums) itertools.zip_longest(a, b, fillvalue = '*') *** json.decoder json.encoder json.scanner json.tool json.dump() json.dump(json.loads(data), sys.stdout, indent = 4) json.dumps() json.load() json.loads() json.decoder.JSONDecoder() json.encoder.JSONEncoder() json.JSONDecoder() .decode(json_data) json.JSONEncoder().encode(data) json.JSONDecodeError json.JSONEncodeError json.scanner.py_make_scanner( json.JSONDecoder()) *** keyword.kwlist keyword.iskeyword("nonlocal") keyword.softkwlist *** import linecache as lc lc.getline('file.txt', 2) lc.checkcache(filename = None) lc.clearcache() lc.updatecache(filename) *** *_locale.localeconv() _locale.setlocale( locale.LC_NUMERIC) *** locale.atof("1 234,56") locale.currency(amount, grouping = True) locale.format_string("%.2f", number, grouping = True) locale.getdefaultlocale() locale.getlocale() locale.getpreferredencoding() *locale.locale_alias *locale.locale_alias.keys() locale.localeconv() locale.setlocale( locale.LC_ALL, "en_US.UTF-8") locale.setlocale( locale.LC_COLLATE, "de_DE.UTF-8") locale.setlocale( locale.LC_CTYPE, loc) locale.setlocale( locale.LC_MONETARY, "en_US.UTF-8") locale.setlocale( locale.LC_NUMERIC, "fr_FR.UTF-8") locale.setlocale( locale.LC_TIME, "fr_FR.UTF-8") locale.strxfrm *** import logging as log import logging.handlers as logh file_handler = log.FileHandler("mylog.logg") formatter = log.Formatter("%(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s") logger = log.getLogger("MyLogger") file_handler.setFormatter(formatter)) log.basicConfig(log.ERROR or log.INFO) log.basicConfig( level = log.WARNING) log.critical("critical message") log.debug("debug message") log.error("error message") log.exception("error occurred") log.FileHandler("mylog.logg") log.Formatter("%(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s") log.getLogger("MyLogger") log.info("info message") log.StreamHandler() .setFormatter(formatter) log.StreamHandler() .setFormatter(JSONFormatter()) log.StreamHandler() .setLevel(log.INFO) log.warning("warning message") logger.addHandler(file_handler) logger.addHandler( log.StreamHandler()) logger.critical( "System crash reported!") logger.debug("Debugging started") logger.error("Something went wrong") logger.info("Information log") logger.setLevel(log.DEBUG) logger.warning("Warning shown") logh.RotatingFileHandler( "app.logg", maxBytes = 2000, backupCount = 3) logh.SMTPHandler(mailhost = ("smtp.gmail.com", 587), fromaddr = "you@exam.com", toaddrs = ["admin@exam.com"], subject = "Critical Error", credentials = ("you@exam.com", "password"), secure = () ) logh.SysLogHandler( address = ('localhost', 514)) logh.TimedRotatingFileHandler( "time_app.logg", when = "midnight", interval = 1) log.CRITICAL log.DEBUG log.ERROR log.Filter log.INFO log.WARNING *** import lzma from lzma import LZMAFile as lf from lzma import open as lo data = b"compression" * 10 lzma.compress(data) lzma.compress(data).decode() lzma.compress(data, preset = 6) lzma.decompress( lzma.compress(data)) lzma.decompress( lzma.compress(data)) .decode() lzma.FILTER_DELTA lzma.FILTER_LZMA2 lzma.FORMAT_ALONE lzma.FORMAT_RAW lzma.FORMAT_XZ lzma.PRESET_EXTREME lzma.LZMACompressor() f.write(lzma.LZMACompressor() .compress(data)) f.write(lzma.LZMACompressor() .flush()) lzma.LZMADecompressor() lzma.LZMAFile() with lf("exam.xz", "wb") as f : f.write(b"Using LZMAFile") with lf("exam.xz", "rb") as f : Print(f.read().decode()) with lo("exam.xz", "wb") as f : f.write(b"LZMA comp_file") with lo("exam.xz", "rb") as f : print(f.read().decode()) *** mbox = mailbox.mbox( "exam.mbox") msg = email.message .EmailMessage() maildir = mailbox.Maildir( "my_maildir", create = True) mailbox.Babyl() mailbox.Mailbox mailbox.Maildir() mailbox.mbox() mailbox.mboxMessage() mailbox.Message() mailbox.MH() mailbox.MMDF() maildir.add(msg) maildir.flush() maildir.close() mbox.add(msg) mbox.flush() mbox.close() *** from mmap import mmap as mm mm(-1, 64).read(64).rstrip(b"\x00") .decode() mm(f.fileno(), 0).readline().decode() mm(f.fileno(), 0).close() mm.find(b"Python") mm.flush() mm.readline().decode() mm.rfind() mm(-1, 64).seek(0) mm.slice mm(-1, 64).write(data) mmap.ACCESS_COPY mmap.ACCESS_READ mmap.ACCESS_WRITE *** modulefinder.ModuleFinder() .run_script *** import multiprocessing as mp mp.connection mp.context mp.dummy mp.dummy.connection mp.Event mp.forkserver mp.heap mp.Lock mp.managers mp.pool mp.popen_fork mp.popen_forkserver mp.popen_spawn_posix mp.popen_spawn_win32 mp.process mp.queues mp.reduction mp.resource_sharer mp.resource_tracker mp.shared_memory mp.sharedctypes mp.spawn mp.synchronize mp.util from multiprocessing import Array, cpu_count, current_process, Lock, Pipe, Pool, Process, Queue, shared_memory, Value cpu_count() current_process().name Pipe() Pool().apply() Pool().apply_async() Pool().imap() Pool().map() Pool().starmap() Process(target = reader) Process(target = writer) Process(target = worker, args = ('A',)).join() Process(target = worker, args = ('A',)).start() Queue().get() Queue().empty() Queue().full() Queue().qsize() Queue().put(item or text) shared_memory *** ntpath.basename("C:\\Test\\a.txt") *** isinstance(3j, numbers.Complex) isinstance(10, numbers.Integral) isinstance(a, numbers.Number) isinstance(Fraction(1, 3), numbers.Rational) isinstance(10.5, numbers.Real) *** numbers.Real.register *** opcode.opmap["LOAD_FAST"] opcode.opname[100] *** operator.add(10, 5) operator.countOf([2, 1, 2, 3, 2], 2) operator.eq(5, 5) operator.itemgetter(1) operator.mul(3, 4) *** optparse.OptionParser *** os.chdir os.close os.cpu_count os.environ os.environ.get os.execvp os.fork os.getcwd os.getenv os.getlogin os.getpid os.getppid os.listdir os.lstat os.mkdir os.makedirs os.name os.open os.path.abspath os.path.basename os.path.commonpath os.path.commonprefix os.path.dirname os.path.exists os.path.expanduser os.path.expandvars os.path.getatime os.path.getctime os.path.getmtime os.path.getsize os.path.isabs os.path.isdir os.path.isfile os.path.islink os.path.join os.path.normcase os.path.normpath os.path.realpath os.path.relpath os.path.samefile os.path.split os.path.splitext os.path.supports_unicode_filenames os.readlink os.remove os.removedirs os.rename os.rmdir os.spawnvp os.stat os.strerror os.symlink os.system os.waitpid(-1, os.WNOHANG) os.walk os.write os.O_CREAT os.O_NOCTTY os.O_RDWR os.P_DETACH os.P_NOWAIT os.P_OVERLAY os.P_WAIT os.WNOHANG *** pathlib.Path(".").iterdir() pathlib.Path(__file__) .resolve().parent.parent *** pdb.set_trace *** pickle.dumps(obj) pickle.loads(f.read()) *** pkgutil.extend_path() pkgutil.get_data() pkgutil.get_loader() pkgutil.iter_modules() pkgutil.walk_packages() *** platform.system *** pyclbr.readmodule("math") *** random.random() random.uniform(25.0, 30.0) *** re._constants re._constants.SRE_FLAG_ASCII re._constants.SRE_FLAG_DEBUG re._constants.SRE_FLAG_DOTALL re._constants .SRE_FLAG_IGNORECASE re._constants.SRE_FLAG_LOCALE re._constants.SRE_FLAG_MULTILINE re._constants.SRE_FLAG_UNICODE re._constants.SRE_FLAG_VERBOSE re._constants.SRE_INFO_CHARSET re._constants.SRE_INFO_LITERAL re._constants.SRE_INFO_PREFIX re._parser re._parser.parse("a|b", 0) re._casefix re._compiler re.compile re.escape re.findall re.finditer re.fullmatch re.match re.search re.split re.sub re.ASCII বা re.A re.DEBUG re.DOTALL বা re.S re.IGNORECASE বা re.I re.LOCALE বা re.L re.MULTILINE বা re.M re.NOFLAG re.UNICODE re.VERBOSE বা re.X *** reprlib.recursive_repr *** signal.alarm(seconds) signal.default_int_handler signal.getsignal(sig) signal.pause() signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal.SIG_IGN) signal.SIG_IGN signal.SIGALRM signal.SIGCHLD signal.SIGHUP signal.SIGINT signal.SIGUSR1 signal.SIGUSR2 signal.SIGTERM *** site.disableusersite() site.ENABLE_USER_SITE site.getsitepackages() site.getuserbase() site.getusersitepackages() *** smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, port) with smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, port) as server : server.starttls() server.login('your_email@gmail .com', 'your_app_password') server.send_message(msg) *** sre_compile.compile *** sre_constants.ANY sre_constants.ANY_ALL sre_constants.ASSERT sre_constants.ASSERT_NOT .... sre_constants.MAXREPEAT .... sre_constants.OPCODES .... sre_constants.warnings *** sre_parse.parse("a\d+").getwidth() *** socket.socket() socket.socket().connect( ("example.com", 80)) socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM *** statistics.geometric_mean statistics.harmonic_mean statistics.mean statistics.median statistics.mode statistics.multimode statistics.pstdev statistics.pvariance statistics.stdev statistics.variance *** string.ascii_letters string.ascii_lowercase string.ascii_uppercase string.digits string.hexdigits string.octdigits string.punctuation string.printable string.whitespace *** ch = " " stringprep.map_table_b2("A") stringprep.map_table_b2("Σ") stringprep.in_table_c3(ch) stringprep.in_table_c4(ch) stringprep.in_table_c5(ch) stringprep.in_table_c6(ch) stringprep.in_table_c12(ch) stringprep.in_table_c21(ch) stringprep.in_table_c22(ch) *** mm = mmap.mmap(f.fileno(), 0, access = mmap.ACCESS_READ) struct.unpack('BBB', mm[0 : 3]) *** import subprocess as sp sp.call() sp.check_output(["echo", "Welcome to PythonGeeks!"], shell = True) sp.DEVNULL sp.PIPE sp.Popen(["ping", "google.com"]) sp.run(["echo", "Hello, World!"]) *** shutil.copy("exam.mbox", "backup_exam.mbox") *** from symtable import symtable as sym sym sym.get_children() sym.get_name() sym.get_symbols() sym.get_type() code = """ def outer() : x = 10 def inner() : return x """ table = sym(code, "exam.py", "exec") func = table.lookup("test") .get_namespace() func.get_symbols() outer = table.lookup("outer") .get_namespace() inner = outer.lookup("inner") .get_namespace() inner.lookup("x").is_free() *** sys._getframe sys.abiflags sys.argv sys.byteorder sys.exc_info sys.exec_prefix sys.executable sys.exit sys.flags sys.getdefaultencoding sys.getfilesystemencoding sys.getrefcount sys.getsizeof sys.implementation sys.intern sys.maxsize sys.modules sys.modules.keys sys.path sys.platform sys.platlibdir sys.prefix sys.setrecursionlimit sys.settrace sys.stderr.write sys.stdin.fileno sys.stdin.readline sys.stdlib_module_names sys.stdout.write sys.version sys.version_info sys.version_info.major sys.version_info.minor *** sysconfig.get_config_var( "py_version_short") sysconfig.get_paths()["platlib"] sysconfig.get_platform() *** tabnanny.check(file) tabnanny.checkdir(dir) tabnanny.verbose *** import tarfile with tarfile.open("exam.tar") as tar : tar.add print("successfully") *** import textwrap as tw tw.dedent(text) tw.fill(text, width = 40) tw.fill(text.splitlines(), width = 30) tw.indent(text, prefix = ">> ") tw.shorten(text, width = 50, placeholder = "...") tw.TextWrapper(width = 10, expand_tabs = False).fill(text)) tw.TextWrapper( width = 30, initial_indent = "* ", subsequent_indent = " ").fill(text) tw.wrap(text, width = 30) *** threading.Lock().acquire() threading.Thread( target = task1).start() *** t = time.localtime() time.asctime() time.asctime(time.localtime()) time.ctime(os.path.getmtime( "data.csv")) time.get_clock_info('monotonic') time.get_clock_info('time') time.gmtime() t() t().tm_isdst t().tm_mday t().tm_mon t().tm_wday t().tm_yday t().tm_year time.mktime(t()) time.monotonic() time.perf_counter() time.process_time() time.sleep(2) time.sleep(random.random()) time.strftime('%H:%M:%S') time.strftime(strf, t()) time.strptime(strp, strf) time.time() *** timeit.repeat(stmt = "sum(range(1000))", repeat = 5, number = 1000) timeit.timeit(stmt = "x = sum(range (1000))", number = 1000) timeit.Timer("sum(range(1000))") .timeit(number = 1000) *** tracer = trace.Trace( count = True, trace = False) tracer.results().write_results( show_missing = True) tracer.runfunc(calc, 10) *** tb = sys.exc_info()[2] stack = traceback.StackSummary .from_list([("test.py", 10, "my_func", "x = 1/0")]) traceback.clear_frames(tb) traceback.extract_stack() traceback.extract_tb(tb) traceback.format_exc() traceback.format_stack() traceback.print_exc() traceback.print_exception( *sys.exc_info()) traceback.print_stack() traceback.walk_tb(tb) stack.format() *** snap, snap1, snap2 = tracemalloc.take_snapshot() filter = tracemalloc.Filter snap2.compare_to(snap1, 'lineno') snap.filter_traces((filter(False, "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>"),)) snap.statistics("lineno") tracemalloc.get_traced_memory() tracemalloc.start() tracemalloc.stop() *** import turtle colors = [ "green", "lime", "yellow", "orange", "red", "magenta" ] pen = turtle.Turtle() screen = turtle.Screen() pen.backward(100) pen.begin_fill() pen.circle(60) pen.color("black") pen.color(colors[level % len(colors)]) pen.color(random.choice(colors)) pen.dot(random.randint(5, 10)) pen.down() pen.end_fill() pen.fillcolor(color) pen.forward(100) pen.forward(random.randint(1, 5)) pen.goto(150, 0) pen.hideturtle() pen.home() pen.left(90) pen.pendown() pen.pensize(9) pen.penup() pen.right(90) pen.setheading(0) pen.shape("turtle") pen.shapesize(stretch_wid = 10, stretch_len = 9, outline = 2) pen.speed(10) pen.up() pen.width(2) turtle.bgcolor("black") turtle.color("lime") turtle.colormode(255) turtle.done() turtle.hideturtle() turtle.listen() turtle.onkey() turtle.setup(w = 800, h = 600) turtle.speed(0) screen.bgcolor("red") screen.loop() screen.mainloop() screen.setup(w = 800, h = 600) screen.title("My Turtle Art") screen.tracer(0) screen.update() *** import turtledemo as td td.__main__ td.bytedesign td.chaos td.clock td.colormixer td.forest td.fractalcurves td.lindenmayer td.minimal_hanoi td.nim td.paint td.peace td.penrose td.planet_and_moon td.rosette td.round_dance td.sorting_animate td.tree td.two_canvases td.yinyang td.color() td.forward() td.left() td.penup() td.speed() *** typing.Tuple typing.Dict typing.Any typing.List *** unicodedata.category(char) *** unittest.TestCase *** params = {'q': 'Python', 'page': 1} qp = urllib.parse.urlencode(params) response = urllib.request .urlopen(url) response = urllib.request .urlopen(url, timeout = 5) url = "https://www.exam.com" url = f"https://www.exam.com /search?{qp}" urllib.error.HTTPError urllib.error.URLError urllib.parse.parse_qs urllib.parse.urlencode(params) response.read().decode('utf-8') *** warnings.catch_warnings warnings.filterwarnings warnings.showwarning warnings.simplefilter warnings.warn *** wave.open *** weakref.ReferenceType *** webbrowser.open webbrowser.open_new_tab *** wsgiref.headers.Headers wsgiref.headers.Headers().get wsgiref.handlers.CGIHandler wsgiref.handlers.SimpleHandler wsgiref.simple_server.make_server wsgiref.util.setup_testing_defaults wsgiref.validate.validator wsgi = Web Server Gateway Interface *** zipapp.create_archive *** zipfile.ZipFile("test.zip", "a") as a zipfile.ZipFile("test.zip", "r") as r zipfile.ZipFile("test.zip", "w") as w zipfile.ZipFile("test.zip", "w", zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zd zipfile.ZipFile( "stored_example.zip", "w", compression = zipfile.ZIP_STORED) as zs a.write("file1.txt") r.extract("file1.txt", path = 'extracted/') r.extractall('extracted_all/') r.extractall(path = "output_folder/") r.infolist() r.namelist() r.open("file1.txt") r.open("file1.txt").read().decode() r.testzip() w.writestr("hello.txt", "Hello from memory!") w.write("file1.txt") w.write("file2.txt") zd.write("file1.txt") zs.write("file1.txt") zipfile.ZipFile(io.BytesIO(open ("test.zip", "rb").read()), "r") .namelist()) zipfile.ZipFile("protected.zip") .setpassword(b"mypassword") .read("secret.txt").decode() zipfile.ZipFile("exam.zip", "a", compression = zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) .writestr("newfile.txt", "This is inside zip without real file") *** zipimport.zipimporter (ক্রমাগত) #📢শেয়ারচ্যাট স্পেশাল