See more..... 👇 ## carbon steel Like share and subscribe for more interesting queries related civil engineering. 🔹 1. Standard Conversion Factors 1 Inch = 25.4 mm 1 Foot = 0.3048 m 1 Yard = 0.9144 m 1 Meter = 3.28 ft 1 mm = 0.0394 inch 1 Mile = 1.6093 km 1 Newton ≈ 0.10 kg (approx. weight under gravity) 🔹 2. Concrete Grades (Mix Ratio) (Cement : Sand : Aggregate) M5 = 1 : 4 : 8 M10 = 1 : 3 : 6 M15 = 1 : 2 : 4 M20 = 1 : 1.5 : 3 M25 = 1 : 1 : 2 M30 = 1 : 0.75 : 1.5 👉 These are nominal mix ratios used in basic construction work. 🔹 3. Weight of Engineering Materials (Density) Bitumen = 1340 kg/m³ Cement = 1440 kg/m³ Cast Iron = 7650 kg/m³ Steel = 7850 kg/m³ Ice = 913 kg/m³ Petrol = 690 kg/m³ 🔹 4. Weight of Steel per Meter (Important for BBS & quantity calculation) 6 mm = 0.222 kg/m 8 mm = 0.395 kg/m 10 mm = 0.617 kg/m 12 mm = 0.888 kg/m 16 mm = 1.578 kg/m 20 mm = 2.466 kg/m 25 mm = 3.853 kg/m 🔹 Important Formula (Steel Weight) You can calculate steel weight using: Weight (kg/m) = d² / 162 (where d = diameter in mm) ✅ Use of This Data Quantity estimation (BOQ) Bar Bending Schedule (BBS) Concrete mix selection Site measurement conversions