#spoken english #🗣️मौखिक अंग्रेजी सीखे #🔠आसान इंग्लिश😃 #फर्राटेदार अंग्रेज़ी 🗣 #Spoken English, Pte and Ielts preparation material The preposition “by” is very common in English and has several meanings depending on context. Let’s break it down clearly with examples and helpful visuals. 1. “By” = Near / Next to (place) It shows that something is beside or close to something else. Examples: The dog is sitting by the door. She is standing by her friend. 2. “By” = Who did the action (agent) Used especially in passive voice to show who did something. Examples: The book was written by him. The painting was made by an artist. 👉 Active: She wrote the book. 👉 Passive: The book was written by her. 3. “By” = Method / How something is done Shows how something happens. Examples: He traveled by bus. She sent the message by email. They paid by card. 4. “By” = Deadline / Time limit Means before or not later than a certain time. Examples: Finish your homework by 8 PM. I will call you by tomorrow. 5. “By” = Through a process / Means of doing Shows how something is achieved. Examples: He learned English by practicing daily. She improved by working hard. 6. “By” = Measurement / Amount difference Used to show the amount of difference. Examples: The price increased by 10%. He missed the train by 5 minutes.