#Political_Issues 🔴 How Did India’s Reservation System Become Caste-Based? 🔴 The Constitution did not explicitly create “caste-based reservation.” Governments and commissions used caste as a practical method of identifying backward classes, and the Supreme Court subsequently upheld caste as a permissible indicator of social backwardness. 🔴 How did this happen? 🔴 👉 1. The Constitution — 1950 Article 16(4) empowers the State to make provisions for a “backward class of citizens” that is not adequately represented in government services. The Constitution does not use the expression “backward caste” in Article 16(4). It also prohibits discrimination on the ground of caste under Article 16(2). 👉 2. Backward Classes Commissions After Independence, the government began identifying socially and educationally backward groups. The Kaka Kalelkar Commission (1953) was the first Backward Classes Commission. Later, the Mandal Commission (1979) was established under Article 340 to identify socially and educationally backward classes. Caste became an important criterion in this identification process. 👉 3. The Mandal Commission — 1980 The Mandal Commission recommended 27% reservation for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in Central Government employment. Its identification of backward classes relied heavily on caste and social indicators. 👉 4. Government implementation — 1990 In 1990, the Union Government implemented the Mandal recommendation and provided 27% reservation in Central Government posts and services for socially and educationally backward classes. The government order specifically identified the relevant castes and communities through the lists used for implementation. 👉 5. Supreme Court — Indra Sawhney, 1992 The Supreme Court subsequently upheld the basic validity of the 27% OBC reservation. Crucially, the Court held that identification of backward classes can begin with caste, provided the applicable criteria establish social backwardness. It also made clear that “backward class” cannot simply be equated with “backward caste.” 🤡 The key constitutional question 🤡 👉 Therefore, India's present caste-linked reservation system did not arise from a constitutional sentence saying: - Reserve government jobs on the basis of caste Instead, it evolved through government policy, Backward Classes Commissions, the Mandal Commission, executive implementation and judicial interpretation. The Constitution uses the broader expression “backward class of citizens.” Caste subsequently became one of the principal methods used to identify such classes. This distinction is important when discussing whether the present system faithfully reflects the original constitutional concept of “backward class” or has effectively transformed it into a system of caste-based reservation. #Brahmin_Genes #Deva_Political_Party #Self_Sustaining_Families #GC_Voices #Brahmin_History #Brahmin_Political_Party #🚩🕉️ஸ்ரீசநாதன ஹிந்து தர்மம்🕉️🚩 #📺அரசியல் 360🔴 #bjp #🔷காங்கிரஸ்